find / -iname '*.cnf' -print /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
  cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加
  default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加
  default-character-set=utf8

4.重新启动MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart  Shutting down MySQL                                        [  确定  ]  Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]  [root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p  Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.  Your MySQL connection id is 1  Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

5.查看字符集设置

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';+----------------------+-----------------+| Variable_name        | Value           |+----------------------+-----------------+| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci || collation_database   | utf8_general_ci || collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |+----------------------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                      |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client     | utf8                       || character_set_connection | utf8                       || character_set_database   | utf8                       || character_set_filesystem | binary                     || character_set_results    | utf8                       || character_set_server     | utf8                       || character_set_system     | utf8                       || character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql>

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_database=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_server=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                      |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client     | utf8                       || character_set_connection | utf8                       || character_set_database   | utf8                       || character_set_filesystem | binary                     || character_set_results    | utf8                       || character_set_server     | utf8                       || character_set_system     | utf8                       || character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.03 sec)mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';+----------------------+-----------------+| Variable_name        | Value           |+----------------------+-----------------+| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci || collation_database   | utf8_general_ci || collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |+----------------------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

【知识性文章转载】

MYSQL 字符集问题

MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：

     字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。

对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:

     服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。

1.MySQL默认字符集

  MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库，一张表，一列，应该用什么字符集。

但是，传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置，它们用的是默认的配置，那么，默认的配置从何而来呢？    (1)编译MySQL 时，指定了一个默认的字符集，这个字符集是 latin1；

    (2)安装MySQL 时，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自编译时指定的；

    (3)启动mysqld 时，可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时 character_set_server 被设定为这个默认的字符集；

    (4)当创建一个新的数据库时，除非明确指定，这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server；

    (5)当选定了一个数据库时，character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集；

    (6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时，表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database，也就是这个数据库默认的字符集；

    (7)当在表内设置一栏时，除非明确指定，否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集；

简单的总结一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 latin1 存储，不过我们如果安装 MySQL，一般都会选择多语言支持，也就是说，安装程序会自动在配置文件中把 default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8，这保证了缺省情况下，所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。

2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)

通常，查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';+--------------------------+---------------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                           |+--------------------------+---------------------------------+| character_set_client     | latin1                          || character_set_connection | latin1                          || character_set_database   | latin1                          || character_set_filesystem | binary                          || character_set_results    | latin1                          || character_set_server     | latin1                          || character_set_system     | utf8                            || character_sets_dir       | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |+--------------------------+---------------------------------+  mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';+----------------------+-----------------+| Variable_name        | Value           |+----------------------+-----------------+| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci || collation_database   | utf8_general_ci || collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |+----------------------+-----------------+

3.修改默认字符集

  (1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值，

如    default-character-set = utf8

      character_set_server =  utf8

   修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart

   使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                           |+--------------------------+---------------------------------+| character_set_client     | utf8